8 个必备的PHP功能开发

做过PHP开发的程序员应该清楚，PHP中有很多内置的功能，掌握了它们，可以帮助你在做PHP开发时更加得心应手，本文将分享8个开发必备的PHP功能，个个都非常实用，希望各位PHP开发者能够掌握。

// 两个默认参数的函数  
function foo($arg1 = ”, $arg2 = ”) {  
echo “arg1: $arg1\n”;  
echo “arg2: $arg2\n”;  
}  
foo(‘hello’,'world’);  
/* 输出: 
arg1: hello 
arg2: world 
*/  
foo();  
/* 输出: 
arg1: 
arg2: 
*/  
下面这个示例是PHP的不定参数用法，其使用到了 func_get_args()方法：  
// 是的，形参列表为空  
function foo() {  
// 取得所有的传入参数的数组  
$args = func_get_args();  
foreach ($args as $k => $v) {  
echo “arg”.($k+1).”: $v\n”;  
}  
}  
foo();  
/* 什么也不会输出 */  
foo(‘hello’);  
/* 输出 
arg1: hello 
*/  
foo(‘hello’, ‘world’, ‘again’);  
/* 输出 
arg1: hello 
arg2: world 
arg3: again 
*/

// 取得所有的后缀为PHP的文件  
$files = glob(‘*.php’);  
print_r($files);  
/* 输出: 
Array 
( 
[0] => phptest.php 
[1] => pi.php 
[2] => post_output.php 
[3] => test.php 
) 
*/

$files = glob(‘../images/a*.jpg’);  
// applies the function to each array element  
$files = array_map(‘realpath’,$files);  
print_r($files);  
/* output looks like: 
Array 
( 
[0] => C:\wamp\www\images\apple.jpg 
[1] => C:\wamp\www\images\art.jpg 
) 
*/

print_r(getrusage());  
/* 输出 
Array 
( 
[ru_oublock] => 0 
[ru_inblock] => 0 
[ru_msgsnd] => 2 
[ru_msgrcv] => 3 
[ru_maxrss] => 12692 
[ru_ixrss] => 764 
[ru_idrss] => 3864 
[ru_minflt] => 94 
[ru_majflt] => 0 
[ru_nsignals] => 1 
[ru_nvcsw] => 67 
[ru_nivcsw] => 4 
[ru_nswap] => 0 
[ru_utime.tv_usec] => 0 
[ru_utime.tv_sec] => 0 
[ru_stime.tv_usec] => 6269 
[ru_stime.tv_sec] => 0 
) 
*/

• ru_oublock: 块输出操作
• ru_inblock: 块输入操作
• ru_msgsnd: 发送的message
• ru_msgrcv: 收到的message
• ru_maxrss: 最大驻留集大小
• ru_ixrss: 全部共享内存大小
• ru_idrss:全部非共享内存大小
• ru_minflt: 页回收
• ru_majflt: 页失效
• ru_nsignals: 收到的信号
• ru_nvcsw: 主动上下文切换
• ru_nivcsw: 被动上下文切换
• ru_nswap: 交换区
• ru_utime.tv_usec: 用户态时间 (microseconds)
• ru_utime.tv_sec: 用户态时间(seconds)
• ru_stime.tv_usec: 系统内核时间 (microseconds)
• ru_stime.tv_sec: 系统内核时间?(seconds)

// sleep for 3 seconds (non-busy)  
sleep(3);  
$data = getrusage();  
echo “User time: “.  
($data['ru_utime.tv_sec'] +  
$data['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);  
echo “System time: “.  
($data['ru_stime.tv_sec'] +  
$data['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);  
/* 输出 
User time: 0.011552 
System time: 0 
*/

// loop 10 million times (busy)  
for($i=0;$i<10000000;$i++) {  
}  
$data = getrusage();  
echo “User time: “.  
($data['ru_utime.tv_sec'] +  
$data['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);  
echo “System time: “.  
($data['ru_stime.tv_sec'] +  
$data['ru_stime.tv_usec'] / 1000000);  
/* 输出 
User time: 1.424592 
System time: 0.004204 
*/

// this is relative to the loaded script’s path  
// it may cause problems when running scripts from different directories  
require_once(‘config/database.php’);  
// this is always relative to this file’s path  
// no matter where it was included from  
require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . ‘/config/database.php’);

// generate unique string  
echo uniqid();  
/* 输出 
4bd67c947233e 
*/  
// generate another unique string  
echo uniqid();  
/* 输出 
4bd67c9472340 
*/

// 一个复杂的数组  
$myvar = array(  
‘hello’,  
42,  
array(1,’two’),  
‘apple’  
);  
// 序列化  
$string = serialize($myvar);  
echo $string;  
/* 输出 
a:4:{i:0;s:5:”hello”;i:1;i:42;i:2;a:2:{i:0;i:1;i:1;s:3:”two”;}i:3;s:5:”apple”;} 
*/  
// 反序例化  
$newvar = unserialize($string);  
print_r($newvar);  
/* 输出 
Array 
( 
[0] => hello 
[1] => 42 
[2] => Array 
( 
[0] => 1 
[1] => two 
) 
[3] => apple 
) 
*/

// a complex array  
$myvar = array(  
‘hello’,  
42,  
array(1,’two’),  
‘apple’  
);  
// convert to a string  
$string = json_encode($myvar);  
echo $string;  
/* prints 
["hello",42,[1,"two"],”apple”] 
*/  
// you can reproduce the original variable  
$newvar = json_decode($string);  
print_r($newvar);  
/* prints 
Array 
( 
[0] => hello 
[1] => 42 
[2] => Array 
( 
[0] => 1 
[1] => two 
) 
[3] => apple 
) 
*/